fire tabletop exercise ppt fire tabletop exercise ppt

Workplace and residential fires are some of the most common causes of injury and death, but you can nail down your fire evacuation plan with thoughtful exercise planning. EDS Operations Tabletop Exercise - . Tabletop exercises are used to prepare for all sorts of crises, but cybersecurity and disaster recovery are common areas of focus. 6h s [Content_Types].xml ( [o '?X~bnJ]v0$a?l'W9(CL*YBiJq,T)b~4J,y$L zn&>ZitN#K{Y_|Pt#Hg0%DE5SMSQ7q2SpH1cb(d-Gkmv] Scenario One Fire . . The State of New York has a great facilitator guide for tabletop exercises. A fire in your business can be debilitating, and a fire evacuation plan is effective only when employees know what they need to do. Analyst-verified relevant threat intelligence for every event. |t!9rL'~20(H[s=D[:b4(uHL'ebK9U!ZW{h^MhwuV};GoYDS7t}N!3yCaFr3 PK ! september 17, 2008 wolf lodge. SearchDisasterRecovery has a good one that prompts you to lay out the motivations for running the exercise (so you can sell it internally), the narrative for participants, and the communication methods participants will engage in. Depending on the tabletop exercises objectives and scope, they may require a few hours or multiple days. endstream endobj startxref ppt/slides/_rels/slide12.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V With this type of exercise, the more real the experience can be for participants, the better. These correspond to the time before, during, and after the exercise takes place, but you'll need to plan in advance to make sure each step comes off properly in practice. Image 20042012 ~Aideon A tabletop exercise is distinct from an emergency drill, however. (Accessed 1/7/2020.) Business continuity planning. Z hVMo1q)S{B*rC]! He breaks down the process into three phases, each of which includes three key activities. Evaluation forms are another way for participants to provide comments and suggestions. For instance, participants in a tabletop exercise might have the goal of figuring out how to restore your organization's databases as quickly as possible in the wake of a disaster. You may have participated in a full-scale exercise while serving in the military, in a government job, or as an employee at a healthcare organization. [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! A facilitator . [logo here]. They wont strain resources and reveal unexpected challenges to the extent that an actual event or rehearsal would. stream Z IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE % Merchandise Mart Properties and Nora Morales, Event Manager. XK ppt/slides/_rels/slide3.xml.relsN0EH=vBIF$l4+$RXd;gbVV}4g%hj+iK{$D05X]W7TP$QL(ij:4^CLOru-"n2h5c(kJvmmhK$|; `wdtHEibI]c#}J/|Ip\$sf7KInkQHL{> PK ! IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE Take the evacuation in a calm orderly manner, leaving all personal belongings behind. For many businesses, this type of focused preparation starts with creating an emergency plan. `D2GK@N eX;q+3+hO@%NLqMFTo@o?zw:V/_"RD#mDxo5=k5 "2 zV~Y'lR#\y>e~-PbF/y!KG]u&.w~?st?tnUv V@'e3+],7yenD\8; A Z 24/7 employee safety monitoring and support. Prepare an after-action report that includes documentation of the exercise along with areas of potential improvement. 97 0 obj <> endobj Of course, youll also need to document your processes for reporting emergencies, unplanned business disruptions, and other critical events. Well, such exercises are conducted to prepare us so that we can take better care of each other in times of crisis. For example, if a stairwells small size would hinder an evacuation, this might be overlooked in a simple tabletop exercise. Once youve put your plan to the test, look back on what went well, what went wrong, and what youd like to change for next time. tabletop exercise (TTX), so in developing Agency's (FEMA) TTXs are free, pre-pack and come complete with a facilitator Virtual News Network video injects. The Fire Drill and Demonstration Exercise: Preparation That Saves Lives. Official websites use .gov m ppt/slides/_rels/slide9.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V You'll also need institutional buy-in for the process: there's no point in running through the exercise if management doesn't agree to let you change plans and policies based on the results. Evaluators are also often involved in developing an after-action report, which details lessons learned and recommendations for future planning, training, and exercises. Over time, organizations may develop a more comprehensive business continuity plan for specific scenarioseach intended to document and provide detailed instructions on how the organization will respond if/when an emergency occurs. A tabletop exercises duration depends on the scenario being rehearsed, the number of participants involved, and the objectives established ahead of time. Cyber extortion is an increasingly common scenario that can have many negative impacts for your organization, both operationally and from a public relations perspective. Tips for participants: Perhaps you think another scenario would be a better choice or feel your role is less vital to the discussion than others in the room. Play your normal role. hbbd``b`.@H\5@Bh8$o{]"HC8PbL@bD{ - Fire drill procedure 1. RSI has good documentation on performing an incident response tabletop exercise, which involves making sure participants know what your organization's policies are for specific types of breaches and who's responsible for what actions in response to them. Main water and power services are disrupted, but emergency power from the generators is functioning. This sample table -top exercise and guide is based on similar exercises used by North Carolina health care facilities to prepare for responding to natural disasters and other emergencies. endstream endobj 101 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj 98 0 obj <> endobj 99 0 obj <> endobj 100 0 obj <>stream . Exercises have 3 main purposes: to validate plans (validation) to develop staff competencies and give them . PowerPoint Presentation Last . Often, these exercises can be completed in a few hours; however, it is common for government agencies and large organizations to dedicate multiple days every quarter to testing response plans for large-scale scenarios. Tabletop exercises are great for testing plans, but if everyone involved is just improvising, that can't tell you much. Cyberattack. Z Here are some ideas that might play out at your organization: Ransomware, phishing attacks, malware, system vulnerabilities, and other digital issues can lead to data breaches and devastate your security posture. Program Overview: The Emergency Management Institute (EMI) conducts a monthly series . tell about yourself, Simple Tabletop Exercise Objectives: - . One important thing to keep in mind, as the State of Massachusetts's own emergency preparedness division points out, is that tabletop exercises are not meant to be a test or a competition. %PDF-1.7 A tabletop exercise (TTX) is a disaster preparedness activity that takes participants through the process of dealing with a simulated disaster scenario. This goes beyond just needing to know the emails of people to invite; the types of team members participating will shape exactly what kind of exercise you'll have. Systems and process, not individuals, being exercised. For instance, the State of Oregon used tabletop exercises to game-plan potential responses to shifts in the coronavirus pandemic in 2020. Do you want to start planning your own tabletop exercise? Exercise Coastal Response Tabletop Exercise One (TTX 1), sponsored by the Province of British Columbia and supported by C4i Training & Technology Inc, is a two-day discussion-based exercise designed to allow participants the opportunity to examine specified areas of activation and immediate response within the initial 48 hours . USEFULNESS OF MOCK EXERCISES FOR INCULCATING CULTURE OF PREPAREDNESS - Title: PowerPoint . Scenario Event 5 Main entrance door is broken and the lock is jammed. An exercise is a simulation of an emergency situation. All scenarios and role-playing for this course will be done with "inert" guns and/or guns modified to fire only non-lethal cartridges. Ask stakeholders questions to encourage deeper thinking about potential issues that might arise. ppt/slides/_rels/slide11.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! An official website of the United States government. Tabletop exercises with multiple objectives and scenarios and functional exercises may require contractor support, especially if your organization is new to exercises. evaluate chemical and communication alternatives determine interdependencies, Facilitating a Tabletop Exercise - . m ppt/slides/_rels/slide2.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V Many are downloadable. It's only worth starting the process if you already have some form of response plan in place for the scenario you'll be running through. Ask probing questions of the participants, following a script but being prepared to improvise. A Fire at a FACHC Site Tabletop Exercise. CISA Tabletop Exercise Package Exercise Planner Handbook. m ! Scenario Event 6 Main water supply to the hospital is interrupted. Cybercrime is a pandemic with repercussions that could drive . Let's focus for a moment on one element here: the objectives of the exercise. Click the blue shield icon on the bottom left of your screen to edit your cookie preferences. Tabletop Exercises. PPT Fashion Flat Business General Report Template. Nearly every student and employee has experienced a fire drill, tornado drill, or some other scenario-based activity designed to improve situational awareness and coordinated response in the event of a disaster. 0 . ^.|Vn{at8Lq [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! Fire Evacuation Tornado Event Chemical/Hazmat Spill Active Shooter Scenario 1 It is August in Fargo, ND and most students are on summer break from the NDSU campus. Introduction of players How the exercise will be played Questions and answers. In particular, junior staffers need to be given space to comment in front of management, so try to include everyone on an equal footing. They often include participation from local businesses. $.' Listen to recent episodes of The Employee Safety Podcast by AlertMedia. Z Experts contend that another pandemic is likely, given enough time. local, WARN Tabletop Exercise - . (Accessed 1/7/2020.) Before you begin, the moderator needs to review the objectives and scope of the exercise. A tabletop exercise requires participants, ground rules, a scenario, and facilitated discussion. ppt/slides/_rels/slide15.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V You will hear the alarm bells ring three times 3. While relatively rare, the sad reality is that instances of workplace violence, from the healthcare industry to retail, are becoming more common. Ll ! tabletop exercise, including the afteraction review, can typically be conducted in a two to four hour session. PowerPoint Presentation Author: . Walkthroughs, workshops and orientation seminars are basic training for team members. JFIF C The Exercise Guide upon which this sample is based was produced with input, advice, and assistance from a local planning team that followed guidance set 2TTTB6e\R\vjr Reckoning with an escalating ransomware attack. View Tabletop Exercise PPTs online, safely and virus-free! Structure fires. Nearly every student and employee has experienced a fire drill, tornado drill, or some other scenario-based activity designed to improve situational awareness and coordinated response in the event of a disaster. Exercise Conduct. Just as important a question, however, is who will participate. |'7 .#2 E~ Ei/"KzMh"/Jz"@W$D@/%ry*9Pw@>!#2F2 =$E}%$OQm^^[9) *\4eTb^ LVqRr]Vr8n]roXv8 -vc?r8lyq&0+mPU!jncU$%);v_4H7lw]$ p/Q Z:w ^ sG p#Q C:w ~ sG pUQ {C:w Q} C2 "2 "2 "]F OH^`acd 7l+Me$ $)}?3|m'7}AU *hokd!>-u LSl[ &4}glr^R6z q3RX j!Jr;}mPC| 8*hR6l GQ9 `b\({:UOG|/ .H. Facilitators should control the pace and flow of the exercise. Contact local emergency management officials to determine if there is an opportunity to participate in a full-scale exercise within your community. Ahead of full-scale exercises, local businesses, law enforcement agencies, and news organizations are typically notified and often given roles to play as well. Tabletop exercises can be used to practice any kind of emergency response. Scenario Event 7 Patients, visitors, and staff express fears for their personal safety. The Emergency Department and outpatient surgery areas have been impacted the most, rendering the area non-functional. [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! 2P1,j3tB7z|6vNGMf^}gGmEi+x:9mL|z!T/#8GfSqZg_g!2Q8:crL,nUj I(#8C'$6Y.eao'mrM.^$wSXx#(xnX"n*,~~GWg/azRvI]#| zZuJ!rW#_Le[)a=)n0I&%Gx#^HY-6U?d>]I|_LPk)"E{rE6uvk?|{s0I>EEE oi7VUUUU[3V,jT%Yul\81dcCC#C]VVc./I^CU#UGt Community-wide tabletop exercise templates which include: A Tabletop Exercise Player Handbook Template (Word) and a Tabletop Exercise Player Briefing Template (PowerPoint) facilitator. CYBER INCIDENT TABLETOP EXERCISE - . As of October 2016, the Center for Medicaid/Medicare (CMS) requires LTC facilities to complete and document two annual exercises - one needs to be a full-scale exercise (FSX), and the second can be a table top exercise (TTX). Chemicals and Hazardous Materials Incidents, Emergency Planning Exercises for Your Organization, Homeland Security Exercise, and Evaluation Program, Guide to Test, Training, and Exercise Programs for IT Plans and Capabilities, Obtain participant feedback and recommendations for, Increase awareness and understanding of hazards and the potential, Assess the capabilities of existing resources and identify needed, Walkthroughs, workshops or orientation seminars. Players will respond to the given scenario. Z Simulate an emergency situation in an informal, stress-free environment. Imagine what would happen if this particular emergency/incident occurred in real life. The objective of the tabletop exercise is to strengthen the overall response plan and review associated response procedures through guided discussion of one or more emergency scenarios. exercise agenda. In the digital era, it's not a matter of if your organization will be a target of a cyber-attack, it's a matter of when.CNBC reported that in 2018 cybercrime cost as much as $600 billion annually, approaching 1% of the world's GDP. Create stunning presentation online in just 3 steps. PPT Business Gradient Style Colorful Report Template. Scenario Event 4 The ED and outpatient surgical rooms have sustained heavy damage. ",#(7),01444'9=82. Tabletop Exercise. With current technology, remote participantsincluding remote employees and external partnerscan participate in tabletop exercises without the organization incurring excessive travel expenses or lost productivity. Scenario Event 8 The shipment of vital supplies to the hospital is interrupted. Tabletop Exercise Introduction. Call or email us today to arrange for a Fire Drill and Demonstration Exercise at your building premises! m ! . Joint Commission Sentinel Event Alert June 3, 2010 . Remember, the exercise is intended to be collaborative, not confrontational. V0005. 3. ppt/slides/_rels/slide14.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V Discussed-based tabletop exercise. Read stories from AlertMedia customers about keeping their people safe. After all, if the organization discovers a weakness in their defenses or problem with their processes in the course of the exercise, that can be thought of as a good thingbetter to figure that out during an exercise than a real crisis, after all. Planning for an unknown future can be overwhelming. m ! Tabletop Exercise Major Earthquake. Get powerful tools for managing your contents. introduction. Follow the steps in this guide to conduct exercises that test your team's emergency response procedures. Tabletop Ground Rules. These exercises can also be tailored specifically to any situation. Longer and more involved incident response exercises such as Hybrid or Live can run for several days. The PlexTrac blog proposes a series of basic questions you need to answer once you've decided to move forward. [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! Create a specific near-term plan based on the results of the exercise. Moderate to major damage is reported for two hundred square miles. Post-incident critiques often confirm that experience gained during exercises was the best way to prepare teams to respond effectively to an emergency. Discussion questions are meant to initiate dialogue among exercise participants; additional discussion beyond questions is encouraged. vzkqz7l/}?"gqQOe=l\]erOTjut Go to Download. "[ VSDvFDv:#'>=4X` J4hV15i $$Q6A!r[)C bBYdX m"{R!LpH5:(bz2`40-i^*o5UoQF7ux*t~Q=)XsJ6/oO.zA3Qn4,}zVi6Gm6/E^.7;4#7D6g\l>UH"W?{l Z Tabletop exercise scenarios for business continuity. Provide tools and guides to boost learning, finding resources that feed the needs revealed by the exercise's outcome. communications, warning, notifications and equipment set-up). Preparedness program exercises enhance knowledge of plans, improve performance, and identify opportunities to improve capabilities to respond to real events. While much of this document focuses on a specific tabletop exercise the state runs to prepare for a catastrophic hurricane, the first few pages provide valuable tips on leading a tabletop exercise that are applicable to any topic area. [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! Copyright 2023 IDG Communications, Inc. CSO provides news, analysis and research on security and risk management, Tabletop exercise scenarios: 3 real-world examples, Sponsored item title goes here as designed, Security Simulations: This Is Only A Test, emergency preparedness division points out, outlines a process for planning a tabletop exercise, a great facilitator guide for tabletop exercises, scenarios that can put your cybersecurity team through the paces, performing an incident response tabletop exercise, running an effective tabletop business continuity planning exercise, The 10 most powerful cybersecurity companies, 7 hot cybersecurity trends (and 2 going cold), The Apache Log4j vulnerabilities: A timeline, Using the NIST Cybersecurity Framework to address organizational risk, 11 penetration testing tools the pros use. hb```f``rd`a``Kbd@ AV da8` hP; AQGF[7Jf\38ZAOnN3^xM;X#X3u/}F"B^>dQWCOwr\ AX1R4ZVd/o,MAR@ d0fCP * Pz@EAd1H6&i/"aCGrn5ui%gT !m\H3q;00MU b Exercises should be designed to engage team members and get them working together to . IDATx^[D6:x(jP4xxc4(c|0>\ NU1J?c.BMnf=SwnT}?!D!%Q~rE\u,C%]HrB` \>+2/pEf'3lp/v+8[raa pmLOf LOfS%G%7.1=aK60=aK60=aK[)Uy#NQyYda=2cZm|UQ%HaZUH4sG PG;w@ {: u$CwH>P HtTG|}\0&>H P#>T)z{-,OzQo,vI$~vZ6B@/ =&o \; Engineering Co. Pte. Ever thought you had better things to do with your time? Tabletop Exercise: Scenario Presentation and Group Discussion. The industrys most intuitive emergency communication solution. A full-scale exercise is as close to the real thing as possible. Fire & police crews will not be available until winds are below 40 mph. Texas School Safety Centerwww.txssc.txstate.eduRules of the Road. TAbLETop EXERCiSES . There's a free kit you can download to get started. Title: PowerPoint Presentation Author: Persaud, Kamy Last modified by: Persaud, Kamy Created Date: 11/20/2013 1:57:06 PM Document presentation format . office of water (4608t) epa 817-r-08-005 september 2008, Tabletop Group Exercise - . Functional exercises can be conducted in the premise's emergency operations centre or fire command centre . Many tabletop exercises can be conducted in a few hours, so they are cost-effective tools to validate plans and capabilities. EDS Security Tabletop Exercise - . Increased personnel responsibilities, reduced staffing, and cost constraints make it challenging to ensure that effective tabletop drills are conducted. Prepare the ERP within 6 months from the commencement of the Fire Safety Amendment Act. Because the environment of a tabletop exercise is non-threatening, exercise participants can calmly rehearse their roles, ask questions, and troubleshoot problem areas. But one tried-and-true method for mitigating the unknown is the tabletop exercise. Make sure your team has access to this packet ahead of time. For example, a tabletop exercise for cyberthreats will be very different from one meant to test hurricane response tactics. Z Tabletop exercises are a flexible tool for emergency planners everywhere, for any potential situation. Access our ebooks, communication templates, and comprehensive guides. However, you do not have to worry about all that . Calls to 9-1-1 change from a fire in the mall to shots fired with people down. [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! PowerPoint Presentation. This will help them plan, practice and identify gaps in contingency plans for various scenarios. Training is a critical step in being prepared to respond to real cybersecurity incidents. An incident response tabletop scenario is an exercise where security teams discuss, in a classroom-type setting, their roles in response to an emergency. Read the latest news, updates, and announcements from AlertMedia. Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Explosive (CBRE) Crisis Management. A tabletop exercise sometimes abbreviated TTX or TTE is an informal, discussion-based session in which a team discusses their roles and responses during an emergency, walking through one or . Active Shooter Tabletop Exercise. Here are a few scenarios to get you started preparing your employees for functional emergency response efforts. . moderation, Simple Tabletop Exercise Objectives: - . (U}HOVW4[>[_uosrNF'xNpNpNpNHHHHHHHH9s|;9s|;vq({k>DmmckFPC~*4Gg? APPLAUSE. Today's Tabletop. Get this guide to learn how to choose the best emergency communication solution for your business. A quick and easy way to help prepare your team is to hold short 15 minute table top exercises every month. m ! Tabletop exercises are not passive events. <> [y n:kl:Q$1nH*kmF}N!VvUNf9W(L3dx8K:nJn;C5f|I PK ! FIRE DRILL PROCEDUR E 2. A tabletop exercise is a simulated, interactive exercise that tests an organizations risk management and response procedures. But in many ways tabletop exercises are particularly suitableand importantfor cybersecurity environments. If its not evident already, we strongly recommend tabletop exercises and believe thatwhen used effectivelythey can dramatically improve any organizations emergency preparedness and response plans. Multiple severe aftershocks are expected for days and weeks after the initial earthquake. Date of Exercise - Date where the newly drafted / revised emergency plan been validated the plan. endobj Creativity/Group Problem SolvingUse the knowledge and information available in the roomActive ThinkingActive Listening Active . Conducting a Tabletop Exercise scenario can help train staff, raise their levels of awareness of the business continuity plan and verify their capabilities to communicate, respond and recover from various events. An after-action report can help you structure your retrospection. To keep things under control, and to keep . >G pHYs &? *u <>/XObject<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/Annots[ 109 0 R] /MediaBox[ 0 0 595.32 1587.36] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> After all, the best laid plans often fall apart when real-world human have to implement them. Public buildings with an occupant load of more than 200 persons in which a Fire Certificate is issued. Consider one of these six scenarios for your next Tabletop Exercise: 1. A lock ( Virtual Tabletop Exercise (VTTX) Tornado Scenario . 1. There are different types of exercises that can be used to evaluate program plans, procedures and capabilities. Activities for a functional exercise are scenario-driven, such as the failure of a critical business function or a specific hazard scenario. As he went through the list of departments in the company, it became obvious that everyone had some role in preventing or responding to a ransomware attack. This exercise PowerPoint presentation can be used with staff from federally qualified health centers to help them discuss continuity of operations and communications with patients, staff, and outside organizations after a fire strikes one of their facilities. practice decision-making in the absence of critical information consider the, Active Shooter Tabletop Exercise - . <> Form a Fire Safety Committee to plan and conduct fire safety programmes including fire evacuation drills and table-top exercises. ppt/slides/_rels/slide17.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V Ltd. All Rights Reserved. Learn how to run your own alongside our guided template. View and register for upcoming and on-demand webinars. But the overall objective of conducting the exercise is to stress-test the organization's disaster recovery plan and see if teams know how to best work together in the face of unexpected problems. Be sure to maintain a relaxed, open environment so everyone feels comfortable asking questions. Tabletop exercises can also help ensure that critical equipment and tools work as intended and all responsible parties know what to do when a critical event occurs. test how public health officials and water suppliers work together in a water. HS19aLqPSggWq {U5\'Uvs~jSv8q?SW%s/? Many are downloadable. Simple Tabletop Exercise Objectives: - . Tabletop Exercise Scenario Example 2: Cyber Extortion. It is designed to test one or more functions of a premise's emergency response plan during an interactive, time-pressured, simulated event. meret worked with partners in minnesota to adapt, WARN Tabletop Exercise - . We've been talking largely in generalities here so far. PowerPoint Presentation. ppt/slides/_rels/slide20.xml.relsJ0FP "bTpind8\2_nwd>]SY+ :l/mxuELh%jgIL4("Sl08@#sl\01c;bO.,V ", a take on tabletop exercises from Bruce Potter that combines a traditional cybersecurity approach with elements from tabletop role-playing games like Dungeons and Dragons. Scenario Event 9 The State Department of Health requests the status of the hospital. As the program matures, consider holding a functional exercise. Step 4: Be sure to give the background PowerPoint presentation to introduce the participants to the agency COOP Plan and to set the stage for the incident.