Clin Auton.Res 2000;10(1):13-16. View abstract. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1990;10:75-9. 2006;142(4):458-460. View abstract. Krahenbuhl S, Reichen J. Carnitine metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease. View abstract. 2018 Jun;20(3):285-290. The therapeutic effect of L-carnitine in patients with exercise-induced stable angina: a controlled study. Bijarnia, S., Wiley, V., Carpenter, K., Christodoulou, J., Ellaway, C. J., and Wilcken, B. Glutaric aciduria type I: outcome following detection by newborn screening. 2012;7(11):1836-1842. The effect of enteral carnitine administration in humans. View abstract. L-Carnitine is used to treat carnitine deficiency. J Infect Dis 1997;176:1517-23. Although dosage varies from study to study, here is an overview of the use and dose for each form: Up to 2,000 mg (2 grams) per day seems safe and effective in the long term. A. Chan, A., Remington, R., Kotyla, E., Lepore, A., Zemianek, J., and Shea, T. B. J Inherit.Metab Dis 1-7-2008; View abstract. Clinical and biochemical effects. Systematic review of pharmacological treatments in fragile X syndrome. It can cause side effects such as stomach upset, heartburn, diarrhea, and seizures. View abstract. 2010;62(3):213-218. Acute systemic and splanchnic haemodynamic effects of L-carnitine in patients with cirrhosis. View abstract. Scand.J Clin Lab Invest 1985;45(2):179-184. 2008;118(5):281-290. Miyagawa T, Kawamura H, Obuchi M, Ikesaki A, Ozaki A, Tokunaga K, Inoue Y, Honda M. Effects of oral L-carnitine administration in narcolepsy patients: a randomized, double-blind, cross-over and placebo-controlled trial. J Inherit.Metab Dis 2008;31(4):503-507. Eur.J.Gen.Med 2009;6(2):7-15. Clin Exp.Rheumatol. Fathizadeh H, Milajerdi A, Reiner Z, Kolahdooz F, Asemi Z. NAC: The Amino Acid That Turns Psychiatry on Its Head Shindo T, Kobayashi K, Tanaka T, Masumori N. Can levocarnitine supplementation improve fatigue caused by sunitinib as a treatment for renal cell carcinoma? There have been a few studies on acetyl-L-carnitine's use as a treatment. View abstract. Anesth.Analg. View abstract. Perna, A. F., Acanfora, F., Satta, E., Lombardi, C., Capasso, R., Ingrosso, D., and De Santo, N. G. L-Propionyl carnitine, homocysteine and S-adenosylhomocysteine in hemodialysis. [RETRACTED]. View abstract. Very common (10% or more): Diarrhea (35%), abdominal pain (21%), vomiting (21%), nausea (12%), Common (1% to 10%): Constipation, dyspepsia, gastrointestinal disorder, melena, Very rare (less than 0.01%): Abdominal cramps[Ref], Very common (10% or more): Headache (37%), dizziness (18%), paresthesia (12%), Common (1% to 10%): Hypertonia, vertigo, taste perversion, Frequency not reported: Seizures (with or without pre-existing seizure activity), increase in seizure frequency and/or severity[Ref], There are reports from clinical trials of significant hypertriglyceridemia associated with high doses of levocarnitine (the active ingredient contained in L-Carnitine) (3 g/day) given to uremic dialysis patients. Agarwal A, Sengupta P, Durairajanayagam D. Role of L-carnitine in female infertility. View abstract. View abstract. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2001;86:3579-94. Here are 10 nootropic supplements proven to have brain-boosting benefits. Drug Dev Res 1988;14:213-216. 2013;8(1):e53707. But athletes use acetyl-l-carnitine as a handy supplement to improve focus, mental energy, and even sleep. 12761 Benvenga S, Amato A, Calvani M, Trimarchi F. Effects of carnitine on thyroid hormone action. Antioxid.Redox.Signal. Int J Sports Med 1989;10(3):169-174. A., Castillo, M., Rodrigo, J. M., Aparisi, L., Serra, M. A., Wassel, A., and Bixquert, M. Effect of L-carnitine upon ammonia tolerance test in cirrhotic patients. Korean J.Nutrition 2007;40(7):630-638. It has been reported to cause vomiting, diarrhea, a fishy body odor, abdominal cramps, and nausea. Urol.J 2010;7(3):188-193. 2014 Jul 21;14:88. Helms, R. A., Mauer, E. C., Hay, W. W., Jr., Christensen, M. L., and Storm, M. C. Effect of intravenous L-carnitine on growth parameters and fat metabolism during parenteral nutrition in neonates. While it may aid in weight loss for obese individuals or older adults, a thorough diet and exercise regimen must be in place first. Heil, S. G., Hogeveen, M., Kluijtmans, L. A., van Dijken, P. J., van de Berg, G. B., Blom, H. J., and Morava, E. Marfanoid features in a child with combined methylmalonic aciduria and homocystinuria (CblC type). However, some individuals may experience digestive side effects when taking L-carnitine. Evaluation of the efficacy of propionyl-L-carnitine versus pulsed muscular compressions in diabetic and non-diabetic patients affected by obliterating arteriopathy Leriche stage II. 2005;45(6):343-351. 2009;24(1):27-33. L-Carnitine for Thyroid Fatigue. Duranay, M., Akay, H., Yilmaz, F. M., Senes, M., Tekeli, N., and Yucel, D. Effects of L-carnitine infusions on inflammatory and nutritional markers in haemodialysis patients. Boehm G, Stahl B. Oligosaccharides from milk. Nasser, M., Javaheri, H., Fedorowicz, Z., and Noorani, Z. Carnitine supplementation for inborn errors of metabolism. Nilsson-Ehle, P., Cederblad, G., Fagher, B., Monti, M., and Thysell, H. Plasma lipoproteins, liver function and glucose metabolism in haemodialysis patients: lack of effect of L-carnitine supplementation. Effects of L-carnitine administration on VO2max and the aerobic- anaerobic threshold in normoxia and acute hypoxia. Cochrane.Database.Syst.Rev. View abstract. View abstract. Urology 2004;63:641-6. Int J Clin Pharmacol Res 1992;12(3):149-157. Trappe, S. W., Costill, D. L., Goodpaster, B., Vukovich, M. D., and Fink, W. J. 2013 Sep;67(7):659-63. J Ren Nutr. A cross-over study vs placebo. Corsi, C., Pollastri, M., Marrapodi, E., Leanza, D., Giordano, S., and D'Iddio, S. L-propionylcarnitine effect on postexercise and postischemic hyperemia in patients affected by peripheral vascular disease. Dial Transplant 1998;27:498-506. View abstract. Rahbar, A. R., Shakerhosseini, R., Saadat, N., Taleban, F., Pordal, A., and Gollestan, B. If given to patients on dialysis, 3 or more grams of L-carnitine daily might cause hypercalcaemia. L-Carnitine in maintenance hemo- dialysis clinical, lipid and biochemical effects. De Vecchi, A. F., Arduini, A., Di, Liberato L., and Bonomini, M. [L-carnitine in peritoneal dialysis]. Pediatr.Res 1982;16(2):89-91. Complement Ther Med 2011;19(4):216-227. Carnitine is naturally present in many foodsespecially foods of animal originand is available as a dietary supplement. Lenzi A, Sgro P, Salacone P, et al. 1986;24(9):511-516. Indian Pediatr. Inflammation contributes to many medical conditions, including . 1996;18(1):91-96. View abstract. Kidney Blood Press Res. View abstract. View abstract. Mioli V, Tarchini R, Boggi R, and et al. Z., Mandalidis, D., Taxildaris, K., and Vargemezis, V. Effects of L-carnitine on oxidative stress responses in patients with renal disease. Carnitine deficiency induced by pivampicillin and pivmecillinam therapy. Chan, Y. C., Tse, M. L., and Lau, F. L. Two cases of valproic acid poisoning treated with L-carnitine. Dal Negro R, Pomari G, Zoccatelli O, and et al. View abstract. Curr Med Res Opin 1990;11:638-47. View abstract. Preliminary observations on the use of propionyl-L-carnitine in combination with sildenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction and diabetes. Multiple studies have shown that when used, L-carnitine can help reduce the high blood pressure, which along with oxidative stress, serves as one of the main risk factors for heart disease, thus reducing the risk of this horrifying disease and improving the patients' heart health. Biagini, A., Opie, L., Rovai, D., Mazzei, M. G., Carpeggiani, C., and Maseri, A. View abstract. 2002;4(1):61-66. L-Carnitine treatment reduces severity of physical and mental fatigue and increases cognitive functions in centenarians: a randomized and controlled clinical trial. In fact, in one study, a small group of people with hyperthyroidism saw these symptoms improve, and their body temperature become normal, when taking carnitine. View abstract. A double-blinded, crossover study. 2010;34(3):295-299. 2017;3:CD009374. It can cause side effects such as stomach upset, heartburn, diarrhea, and seizures. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2019;14(6):504-514. View abstract. For most individuals, the nausea and vomiting will be relatively mild. Head, E., Nukala, V. N., Fenoglio, K. A., Muggenburg, B. In an eight-week study in 38 women who exercised four times per week, there was no difference in weight loss between those who took L-carnitine and those who didnt (24). Acta Urol Ital 1996;10(3):185-187. Muniyappa, R. Oral carnitine therapy and insulin resistance. In theory, using L-carnitine as a weight loss supplement makes sense. View abstract. View abstract. View abstract. Calandrella, N., De, Seta C., Scarsella, G., and Risuleo, G. Carnitine reduces the lipoperoxidative damage of the membrane and apoptosis after induction of cell stress in experimental glaucoma. Nutrition 2009;25(11-12):1193-1201. December 1999. Eur J Appl Physiol 2005;95(5-6):431-435. L-carnitine is supplemented daily. J Am Coll Cardiol 1995;26:1411-6. View abstract. Madeddu, C., Dessi, M., Panzone, F., Serpe, R., Antoni, G., Cau, M. C., Montaldo, L., Mela, Q., Mura, M., Astara, G., Tanca, F. M., Maccio, A., and Mantovani, G. Randomized phase III clinical trial of a combined treatment with carnitine + celecoxib +/- megestrol acetate for patients with cancer-related anorexia/cachexia syndrome. Sports Med 1996;22:109-32. 1993;25(6):733-740. Ma, Y. Y., Song, J. Q., Wu, T. F., Liu, Y. P., Xiao, J. X., Jiang, Y. W., and Yang, Y. L. [Leucodystrophy induced by late onset 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaric aciduria]. Mantovani, G., Maccio, A., Madeddu, C., Serpe, R., Massa, E., Dessi, M., Panzone, F., and Contu, P. Randomized phase III clinical trial of five different arms of treatment in 332 patients with cancer cachexia. Propionyl carnitine in stable effort angina. 2004;34(6):615-623. Nutrition 2008;24(4):305-313. View abstract. View abstract. Learn how to separate fact from fiction in the world of weight loss. Baudouin C, Labb A, Liang H, Pauly A, Brignole-Baudouin F. Preservatives in eyedrops: the good, the bad and the ugly. View abstract. Mintz M. Carnitine in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection/acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Zanardi, R. and Smeraldi, E. A double-blind, randomised, controlled clinical trial of acetyl-L-carnitine vs. amisulpride in the treatment of dysthymia. View abstract. Katiyar, A. and Aaron, C. Case files of the Children's Hospital of Michigan Regional Poison Control Center: the use of carnitine for the management of acute valproic acid toxicity. Some animal studies suggest that the acetyl form, acetyl-L-carnitine (ALCAR), may help prevent age-related mental decline and improve markers of learning (30, 31). Rai G, Wright G, Scott L, et al. Yarizadh H, Shab-Bidar S, Zamani B, Vanani AN, Baharlooi H, Djafarian K. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on exercise-induced muscle damage: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Spiekerkoetter, U., Lindner, M., Santer, R., Grotzke, M., Baumgartner, M. R., Boehles, H., Das, A., Haase, C., Hennermann, J. Clin Ter. View abstract. J Child Neurol 1997;12:461-3. Nausea and Vomiting The Linus Pauling Institute notes that common side effects of taking L-carnitine supplements are nausea and vomiting 1. Vaux, E. C., Taylor, D. J., Altmann, P., Rajagopalan, B., Graham, K., Cooper, R., Bonomo, Y., and Styles, P. Effects of carnitine supplementation on muscle metabolism by the use of magnetic resonance spectroscopy and near-infrared spectroscopy in end-stage renal disease. 12-20-2008;23(6):571-585. Dig Liver Dis 2007;39:922-8. How can you boost your metabolism? 2010;48(5):503-510. View abstract. Sakurauchi, Y., Matsumoto, Y., Shinzato, T., Takai, I., Nakamura, Y., Sato, M., Nakai, S., Miwa, M., Morita, H., Miwa, T., Amano, I., and Maeda, K. Effects of L-carnitine supplementation on muscular symptoms in hemodialyzed patients. Zhang X, Cui Y, Dong L, Sun M, Zhang Y. Chinese J.Clin.Healthcare 2008;11(5):478-480. Most people tolerate L-carnitine well. View abstract. View abstract. Int J Cardiol 1992;34(2):167-172. "The first study found that people who ate a lot of red meat had a certain type of bacteria in their system that broke the compound down into TMAO and raised their risk for heart disease," he explained. Med.Sci Monit. It can cause nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, weakness, and chest pain (angina). View abstract. View abstract. Lee BJ, Lin JS, Lin YC, Lin PT. Turpeinen AK, Kuikka JT, Vanninen E, and et al. View abstract. 11. Electromyogr.Clin Neurophysiol. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2020. View abstract. J Nutr 2007;137(3 Suppl 2):847S-849S. Academic J.Shanghai Second Med.Univ. J Strength.Cond.Res. Raskind JY, El-Chaar GM. View abstract. Nephron Clin.Pract. View abstract. Sherif NA, El-Banna AS, ElBourini MM, Khalil NO. Answer: Supplements including melatonin, tart cherry juice extract, L-tryptophan and 5-HTP, L-theanine, CBD (cannabidiol), ashwagandha, glycine, saffron, valerian, and possibly magnesium or Prevagen may, to varying degrees, improve sleep. View abstract. 2007;45(12):932-936. Carlsson, M., Forsberg, E., and Thorne, A. Observations during L-carnitine infusion in two long-term critically ill patients. View abstract. View abstract. 2009;19(3):212-216. Paediatr Drugs.