An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: a. some people do not benefit from drug treatments. The fundamental attribution error occurs when we automatically assume a dispositional reason for another persons actions and ignore situational factors. It is most likely that his psychotherapist is a ____ therapist. 110. d. The effectiveness of biological treatments cannot be objectively evaluated. The hope is that the client will engage in self-examination with acceptance and honesty. Current multicultural perspectives are MOST likely to focus on the: a. inferiority of particular cultural groups. A therapist who believes people often hide from their responsibilities and therefore often feel alienated, depressed, and inauthentic would MOST likely be described as: The proper conclusion from research studies that show a relationship between devout religious people who see God as warm and caring and psychological health is that: people who are more devout are also psychologically healthier. To address this unique factor, culture-sensitive therapies have been developed and include increasing the therapists awareness of cultural values, hardships, stressors, and/or prejudices faced by their client; the identification of suppressed anger and pain; and raising the clients self-worth (Prochaska & Norcross, 2013). e. Models of abnormality are general hypotheses as to the nature of psychological abnormalities. b. Behaviorism has also been accused of being mechanistic and seeing people as machines. The pain was enough that I never walked up and down the street echoing my identity crisis for all to hear. Why might this treatment be effective in preventing alcohol use even after the client stops taking the drug? Shonda responds by changing the subject. b. self-actualizing. They would salivate at the sound of a bell, footsteps in the hall, a tuning fork, or the presence of a lab assistant. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that guides us to know when we can and cannot express our impulses is the: A patient with a controlling mother is undergoing therapy. 12. d. transference. a. sharing advice b. analyzing dreams c. developing insights d. building social skills. d. bipolar disorder. In Module 2, we will discuss three models of abnormal behavior to include the biological, psychological, and sociocultural models. According to Freuds psychodynamic theory, at birth the child is in the: a. oral stage. c. phallic stage. A perfect run will not be possible because "I'm going to screw up!" Least difficult situations are handled first, followed by more difficult situations, all while rehearsing and mastering all the situations present in the hierarchy. b. change behaviors that are damaging to the relationship. 138. Which of the following statements is true of the biopsychosocial model As you might expect, the behavior will begin to weaken and eventually stop when this occurs. Don't worry. c. neurotransmitters. A theorist who believes that the multicultural perspective is the correct way to think about abnormality comes from which paradigm? It sends brief electrical currents through the brain, stimulating a seizure. It is difficult to gain informed consent from individuals with mental illness. 103. Outside of biological and psychological factors on mental illness, race, ethnicity, gender, religious orientation, socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, etc. If a behavior is not memorable, it will not be imitated. The answer is yes, and one of two outcomes is possible. Finally, Freud used dream analysis to understand a persons innermost wishes. PDF Psychological Disorders The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. Biological Treatments for Psychological Abnormalities b. Rogers stated that the humanistic therapist should be warm, understanding, supportive, respectful, and accepting of his/her clients. a. gestalt 40. According to the cognitive-behavioral model, this is an example of _____ behavior. Exemplify the effect of attributions on creating abnormal behavior. She has developed depression due to a serotonin deficiency. These two cases demonstrate what principle of developmental psychopathology? So I kept doing it and doing it until one day, another kid grew tired of hearing about my other identity and punched me in the face. d. only one factorstress or predispositionis necessary for abnormality to occur. Mental illness itself occurs from the interaction of multiple genes and other factorssuch as stress, abuse, or a traumatic eventwhich can influence, or trigger, an illness in a person who has an inherited susceptibility to it (https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1). Operant conditioning. Chapter 14 Flashcards | Chegg.com The pineal gland helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle while the thyroid gland regulates the bodys energy levels by controlling metabolism and the basal metabolic rate (BMR). Evaluating psychodynamic theory. Individuals in this situation are unsure of what they feel, value, or need leading to dysfunction and the need for therapy. In respondent conditioning, learning happens in three phases: preconditioning, conditioning, and postconditioning. In other words, they present themselves in a favorable light. However, men are more likely to die by suicide than women, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2.2.3.1. c. poverty is a stressor that contributes to dysfunction. With mindfulness-based therapy techniques, clients would MOST likely be encouraged to: a. focus on setting goals for the future. A general term used for Freud's, Adler's, and Jung's theories is: The _____ operates in accord with the pleasure principle. 126. 118. You immediately focus all of your energy on the financial implications of your partners departure and ways to save money. A couple therapist who focuses on acceptance and positive change where possible is using _____ therapy. According to Freud's psychodynamic theory, the part of the personality that operates by the morality principle is the: Which statement is TRUE regarding electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)? In Panel B, we see that a neutral stimulus (NS) produces no response. c. Existentialists believe that research dehumanizes individuals by reducing them to test measures. This process is called counterconditioning, or the reversal of previous learning. a. What Is Abnormal Psychology? Definition and Topics - Verywell Mind d. flight of ideas. Subjecting a person to a situation that causes the individual anxiety as a means of eliminating future anxiety is called: When I was a child, I loved to go swimming in a lake near my house. b. existential. Attributions and cognitive errors. Most people who receive couple therapy report no real improvement in their functioning. Evaluate the usefulness of humanistic and existential perspectives. 17. 104. The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord; the former we will discuss briefly and in terms of key structures which include: Of course, this is not an exhaustive list of structures found in the brain but gives you a pretty good idea of function and which structure is responsible for it. Which statement is TRUE regarding the models of abnormality? Postconditioning. d. It focuses on educational goals rather than therapeutic purposes. b. accepting problematic thoughts. If a mother seems excessively involved in her child's life such that the two do not seem to be independent people, their relationship is said to be: Theory focused on the behaviors people exhibit and the thoughts they have is usually described as: Ashley is a pole-vaulter who is ready for her event. 2.3.1.5. 20. Finally, the sociocultural model indicated the role of socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors on abnormal behavior. PSYC 1101 Review for Chapter 12 - Subjecto.com a. 88. The development of personality. 58. c. overgeneralization. For more on these techniques, visit http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/. The defense mechanism that BEST explains his behavior is: The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: A therapist identifies a biological factor in a patient with depression. PSYCH205-FinalExam-Answers 84. The _____ model of abnormality pays particular attention to the client's family structure, societal norms, and the client's roles in society. c. who believe in a higher being are the healthiest. Consider the following: In relation to men: While mental illnesses affect both men and women, the prevalence of mental illnesses in men is often lower than women. They are only a problem when they reach consciousness. Resistance and transference are terms most likely used by which model? Which of the following is a reason for which little controlled research has been devoted to the effectiveness of existential therapy? He avoids visiting friends with dogs and crosses the street if he sees a person walking a dog coming his way. 166. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. None of the models are complete within themselves. In Module 3, we will discuss diagnosing and classifying abnormal behavior from the perspective of the DSM-5-TR (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition, Text-Revision). Operant conditioning is a type of associate learning which focuses on consequences that follow a response or behavior that we make (anything we do, say, or think/feel) and whether it makes a behavior more or less likely to occur. Freud believed that consciousness had three levels 1) consciousness which was the seat of our awareness, 2) preconscious that included all of our sensations, thoughts, memories, and feelings, and 3) the unconscious, which was not available to us. This approach came to be called client-centered therapy. For instance, evidence suggests that contracting strep throat, an infection in the throat and tonsils caused by bacteria called group A Streptococcus (for more on strep throat, please visit https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html), can lead to the development of OCD, Tourettes syndrome, and tic disorder in children (Mell, Davis, & Owens, 2005; Giedd et al., 2000; Allen et al., 1995; https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness). Psychology Today published a great article on January 21, 2013, which described four ways to change your thinking through cognitive restructuring. For mental health professionals, models help us to understand mental illness since diseases such as depression cannot be touched or experienced firsthand. This information is passed to the nervous system due to the process of transduction and through sensory or afferent neurons, which are part of the peripheral nervous system. d. synapses. There is no firsthand experience by the learner in observational learning, unlike enactive. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. c. people who have a religious community to support them are healthier. Hence, this phenomenon is called spontaneous recovery. There is no need to learn it again, as in the case of primary reinforcers and punishers in operant conditioning. d. understand how beliefs and values are related to behaviors. d. The client is classically conditioned to associate drinking with the negative experience of vomiting. c. maintenance. Twenty-two of the pairs are the same in both sexes, but the 23rd pair is called the sex chromosome and differs between males and females. They are tied to experiences early in life. As these cells die, the brain fails to receive messages about when and how to move. The fundamental unit of the nervous system is the neuron, or nerve cell (See Figure 2.3). b. operant conditioning. The earlier that treatment begins, the more effective it can be., https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/men-and-mental-health/index.shtml, In relation to women: Some disorders are more common in women such as depression and anxiety. I bet the bad behavior ended too. However, she went to the restroom to change instead. d. a severe disorder and who has not responded to any other therapies over years of treatment. Describe commonly used treatments for mental illness. 152. 2.2.3.2. There are also certain types of disorders that are unique to women. 2.2.1.5. Cognitive-behavioral therapy has not been able to help her get rid of them. The drug causes severe vomiting if a person drinks alcohol while taking the drug. 162. How do socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors affect mental illness and its treatment? d. the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. d. acceptance and commitment, 97. What happened to that bad behavior that had disappeared? This begs the question of how we can really know that they exist. 165. The goal is for the client to examine their own feelings and thoughts with openness and acceptance. 71. The drug addresses (corrects) the underlying biological reasons for alcohol abuse. c. primary process thought. The type of reinforcer or punisher we use is crucial. Solved model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the - Chegg The defense mechanism that BEST explains this behavior is: Nikolai's grandmother has just baked cookies and is placing them on a cooling rack. d. the way in which the mental health profession is moving. The antenna-like extensions located at one end of the neuron are called: a. glia. Despite Freuds generalization, his theory was based on only a few patients. Psychodynamic techniques. A friend recommends this therapy. The central nervous system (CNS) is the control center for the nervous system, which receives, processes, interprets, and stores incoming sensory information. 22. b. encourage clients to use spiritual resources that aid with coping. The force that is in control in this example is the: a. id. Cultural factors might create a climate favorable for the development of certain disorders. If we are angry at someone, we may engage in physical or relational aggression to alleviate this stimulation. Todays techniques are much more sophisticated and have been used to treat schizophrenia, depression, and some personality and anxiety disorders. The neuron. What is this therapy? Freud believed that the id is fueled by: a. self-preservation. I know my grandmother used to. Some biological treatments produce significant undesirable effects. According to Freud, all _____ instincts tend to be sexual. b. Overgeneralizing You see a larger pattern of negatives based on one event. The model of abnormality that examines the effects of society and culture is the _____ model. d. psychoanalytic therapy. She published many short stories; a play called Womens Rights, in which she criticized the economic and sexual exploitation of women; and wrote a book in 1900 called The Jewish Problem in Galicia, in which she blamed the poverty of the Jews of Eastern Europe on their lack of education. The psychologist who would MOST closely agree with this statement would be described as: Brooklyn learns to turn on the TV by watching her older brother turn it on. They are open to experience, live every moment to the fullest, are creative, accepts responsibility for their decisions, do not derive their sense of self from others, strive to maximize their potential, and are self-actualized. The psychologist credited with paving the way for psychologists to practice psychotherapy is: The psychologist who is said to have made it possible for psychologists to do psychotherapy is called "the pioneer." d. An investigators preferred paradigm influences how they interpret research findings. 120. A theorist who believes that someone who is labeled a hard worker will, in fact, become a hard worker is MOST likely a(n) _____ theorist. The cognitive model of panic disorder focuses on misinterpretations of. 78. Similarly, the overproduction of the hormone melatonin can lead to SAD. b. cultural deprivation that is characteristic of some groups. If you recognize your worth as a person, Carl Rogers would say that you have developed: a. spontaneity. Mind Reading Assuming others know what you are thinking without any evidence. d. client-centered therapy. _____ theory focuses on observable and conscious behaviors, whereas _____ theory focuses on unconscious processes. According to family systems theory, this family is characterized by: Which statement would a family systems theorist MOST likely agree with? Amelia has been told that her course of therapy is likely to take a year or more because it involves the reshaping of her personality and that takes many sessions. d. psychodynamic. b. ego. This therapist is MOST likely a(n) _____ therapist. a. Neurotransmitters are released. The important thing to understand is that not all behaviors occur due to reinforcement and punishment as operant conditioning says. d. discounted the concept of abnormality and focused on acceptance. He developed the law of effect thanks to his work with a puzzle box. They also have not developed much in the way of theory, and the perspectives tend to work best with people suffering from adjustment issues and not as well with severe mental illness. c. increased participation in very high-risk activities. Each paradigm focuses mainly on one aspect of human functioning. Unconditioned means unlearned. A person has a recurring dream of losing her dog. To be considered distinct from other conditions, a mental illness must have its own set of symptoms. Explain the need for a multi-dimensional model of abnormality. d. psychotropic treatment.