You dont need to give the place of publication. A full, searchable index of these abbreviations can be found here. For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2. The examples below include a suggestion for citing the comments of a particular person. Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser If there are more than three authors, cite the first author followed by 'and others'. Where there is no title, use the name of the case in italics instead, and add (note) at the end of the citation: See3.3.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. Page references should use the abbreviations p. or pp., adopting the following style: Supran. 24, p. 3.
A Quick Guide to OSCOLA Referencing | Rules & Examples - Scribbr Unless otherwise specified below, SCRIPTed follows the Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA). When you make a reference to a judge in a case, use the judges surname followed by the conventional abbreviation identifying their judicial office. H4;@ $7
For further references to the case, use a short form of the case name and a cross-citation in brackets to the original footnote. statutes and so on), as well as secondary sources such as books, journal articles, websites and policy statements . 1. If you source a publication online which is also available in hard copy, cite the hard copy version. Don't worry, you can come back and edit the reference if you need to correct or add any information. followed by their initials, page numbers are not included and there is no full stop at the end of the reference. Referees will recommend one of the following options: (1) accept outright for publication; (2) accept subject to minor modification; (3) accept subject to major modification; (4) reject outright. You should cite an Act by its short title and year in roman, using capitals for the major words. The footnote reference should appear after punctuation marks, not before (e.g. from https://www.scribbr.co.uk/referencing/oscola/. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Oxford Royale Academy is a part of Oxford Programs Limited, a company registered in England as company number 6045196, registered office at 264 Banbury Road, Oxford, OX2 7DY. After the title, give the publication information in the following order: The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. Subsequent citations use only the surname, The full title of the article within double quotation marks () and capitalisation of all primary words, The year of publication in round brackets (unless there is no volume number), The volume number in Arabic numerals followed by the issue number in brackets (see examples below), The full name of the journal (in italics), The first and last page of the article (without pp.), If a more specific page reference is being given, the page number(s) (including p. or pp.). The letter L refers to the legislation series. Capitalisation is appropriate for names of persons, places, institutions and intellectual movements (e.g. URLs should not be italicised, put within
or within (parentheses). In subsequent citations, briefly identify the source, and give the footnote number where the full citation can be found. Use the following format: Maincontributor [Role of main contributor],'Title of programme' [Television series episode] in Title of series (Additional information if required, Publisher, Year ). use cannot, not cant; do not, not dont, etc). Balogh v Hungary App no 47940/99 (ECtHR, 20 July 2004). The Lord Chancellor (now no longer a judge) should be abbreviated as Lord Brown LC, the Lord Chief Justice as Lord Brown CJ, and the Master of the Rolls as 20 Lord Brown MR. See below for more details on organising the bibliography. OSCOLA is a footnote style: all citations . If the information is available in print, reference the print version. For those where multiple volumes appear in one year, the year appears in square brackets. Where you cite an author of a secondary source their name should appear as it does on the publication with first name/ initials before surname. Headings within the text are encouraged. As with case reports, square brackets are used for years in a journal citation if the year also identifies the volume; normal brackets are used when there are multiple volumes in a year. For example: Shipping and Trading Interests (Protection) Act 1995. Communications (Isle of Man) Order 2020, SI 2020/149. List in the bibliography in alphabetical order under Secondary Sources. Based on Referee Reports and his or her own assessment, the Managing Editor will make a recommendation on disposition to the Editorial Board, which has final responsibility for each decision on each submission. hbbd```b`` iX$&``j0L.GI Hc~
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There is no need to cite an electronic source for such a publication. If there is no date of publication on the website, give only the date of access. An example of a footnote for an online article: James Gobert, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' Citations of statutes should not be italicised. 651 0 obj
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So, the Children Act 1989 becomes CA 1989 (not just CA). PDF OSCOLA REFERENCING Introduction to OSCOLA - Queen's University Belfast For more detailed information see OSCOLA 2.1.7. Usually, the bibliography is divided into three sections: Cases, Legislation and Secondary Sources Cases - List the cases alphabetically in order of the first significant word. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Two or Three Authors Lets look at the OSCOLA system in detail, and how you can cite a wide range of legal sources. If you cant find a judgement in the Law Reports, you should cite the Weekly Law Reports or the All England Law Reports. Recap: Example for Journal Articles. 0
Re T (adult: refusal of medical treatment), [1992] 4 All ER 649 (CA). 13 Hugh Jones and Christopher Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011) 32, The only difference is the author is now listed surname first for the first author and you do not include page numbers, Author,Title(edition, Publisher | year), Jones Hand C Benson, Publishing Law (4th edn, Routledge 2011), For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. OSCOLA is a footnote referencing style. See3.4.2 OSCOLA 4th ed. Journal articles - Referencing - OSCOLA - LibGuides at University of 39(4), pp.652-669. This means that for subsequent references of a source, you dont have to repeat the full citation. Books - OSCOLA - LibGuides at Coventry University How to reference books One author Multiple authors Chapter in an edited book Books Author, Title of the Book (Edition, Publisher Year) Footnote Example 1 Steve Foster, How to Write Better Law Essays (4th edn, Pearson 2016). Alan Wright and Nicholas Hastie (eds. When you cite a statutory instrument, give the name, year and (after a comma) the SI number. See page 10-11 of the 4th edition of OCSCOLA. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Journal Articles Journals articles Print articles Online articles To cite a print journal use the following format: Author, 'title' [year] journal name or abbreviation first page of article [OR] Author, 'title' (year) volume journal name or abbreviation first page of article Published on do not write See n. 12.). If a book hasmore than three authors,include and othersafter the name of the first author. When referencing a source that is online other than a journal or book, cite the name of the author (or institution), followed by the title of the webpage. You should cite all publications with an ISBN as if they were books, whether you read them online or in hard copy. An example of the bibliography for an online article: GobertJ, 'The Corporate Manslaughter and Corporate Homicide Act 2007: Thirteen Years in the Making but was it Worth the Wait?' Authors should provide between three and six keywords highlighting the field(s) and topic(s) of their submission. Author Guidelines - SCRIPTed Weve created a comprehensive guide on exactly what OSCLA is, and how to use it. Do notuse italics for text in the footnote unless it is a Latin abbreviation or a reference to a case or book requiring italics (e.g. endstream
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Needless to say, the add Cross citation is when you are referring to discussion in another part of your writing, for example on an earlier page or in a previous chapter. If the newspaper is divided into sections, and the page numbering begins afresh in each section, put the section name in roman before the page number, with a space but no comma between the two. The rules for referring to parts of statutory instruments are the same as those referring to parts of statues. A citation footnote appears whenever you quote from, paraphrase or otherwise refer to the content of a source in your text. No further changes will be allowed to the text absent compelling justification. Do not use punctuation when using an abbreviation. Paragraph text should use 1.5 line spacing. Conference Reports and Book Reviews are not externally peer reviewed; they are reviewed by the Editor-in-Chief and/or Managing Editor only. If citing an online encyclopedia, give the URL and date of access: See OSCOLA 4th edn 3.2.6 for more details. For example, here you would list Hansard, any books and journal articles cited, and other sources such as blogs, social media and newspapers. If there are more than three authors, give the name of the first author followed by 'and others'. Follow this by the phrase available at, followed by the URL, which should be hyperlinked. List Legislation and Cases separately in alphabetical order in the bibliography. Knowing how to cite sources for assignments is a hugely important skill. In this system, citations are put in footnotes at the bottom of the page. %PDF-1.5
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for more details. Please use double quotation marks ( ) when defining a term for use in the article (e.g. A downloadable version of this OSCOLA style guide, with some extra details, Details for citing international law sources. OSCOLA referencing guide (Online): Repeating Citations Subsequent citations The first time a source is mentioned, you must give the citation in full. For articles with multiple authors, use the first name and surname for up to three authors, separated by an (Oxford) comma and "and . If you are referring to a particular Act a number of times in the same place, you can provide an abbreviated form of the title in the footnotes, as long as you let your reader know in advance. Enter in alphabetical order in the Secondary Sources. Introduction to OSCOLA referencing style The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) was developed at Oxford University, and is widely used by law schools and publishers to acknowledge source information. Quotes less than 3 lines of text should appear in the body and be identified with double quotation marks (), with quotes within such quotes identified with single quotation marks (). Title | HC Bill | (session) | [number] OR title | HL Bill | (session) | number. Title: Referencing using OSCOLA Author: Fennell, Graham Created Date: Secondary sources include books, journal articles, legal blogs, encyclopedias like Halsbury's, Topic guides in Westlaw, and anything that isn't 'the law'. Misc (multiple authors, editors.) You should give the name of the case in full when you first mention it in the text or footnotes. OSCOLA referencing places citations in footnotes, which are marked in the text with footnote numbers: The judge referred to the precedent established by Caulfield v Baldwin. hb```lKa1.I
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Gary Blasi and John Jostin, System Justification Theory and Research: Implications for Law, Legal Advocacy, and Social Justice in Jon Hanson (ed.). Remove Additional Authors, You must enter the title of the article you wish to reference, You must enter the title of the journal you wish to reference, Enter the year the article was published in YYYY format, You must enter the volume of the journal you wish to reference, You must enter the issue number of the journal you wish to reference. In most cases journal titles have both a volume number and a year so round brackets will normally be used. Edward Dove, Jiahong Chen, and Laurence Diver). Deb is short for debate, vol for volume, and col for column. For subsequent citation of legislation, abbreviations are acceptable. Use HL for the House of Lords, CA for the Court of Appeal, QB, CH and F for the division of the High Court, and Com Ct for the Commercial Court within the Queens Bench Division. ), Satoshi Nakamoto, Bitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System (2008), available at, Mike Morel, A Brief Chance for Better UK Data Protection Law (Open Rights Group, 8 May 2017), available at, Sarah Butler and Gwyn Topham, Uber Should Lost its Licence if it Doesnt Improve Workers Rights, Say Drivers (The Guardian, 9 May 2017), available at. Book Reviews should be written using our Book Review template. If you are a post-graduate law student, you are required to use this referencing system. Do not use other terms such as supra, op cit, loc cit. For two or three authors, all named authors must be included. You need a date of publication or at least a date of access (ie when you looked at it), as they are generally updated regularly. If the book has more than one volume, you should follow the volume number with the publication details. Croft J, Supreme Court Warns on Quality Financial Times (London, 1 July 2010). Once approved by the author, the manuscript will be treated by SCRIPTed as final and ready for publication. In text:refer to the text giving case names in italics eg: InPhipps v Boardman31.. For most sources in OSCOLA, the bibliographic format is the same as the footnote. The author should identify the date of last access within parentheses after citing the URL, e.g. That means that you add small, superscript numbers (for example, 1,2,3) to the sources in your text, which connect to footnotes at the bottom of your page. The information to include depends on the types of source - see the examples. If the relevant law report series was also issued in more than one volume in that particular year, give it a volume number. X argues that Y.1 NOT X argues that Y1.). The following website is a useful reference: http://www.askoxford.com/betterwriting/us/?view=uk. If there is a separate volume number, put the year in round brackets(). %%EOF
Referencing - Library & Learning Resources - Birmingham City University Examples of in-text citations and reference list entries for other source types. The only Latin term that is acceptable to use within the OSCOLA style is ibid, for the instances when you are referring to the same source in consecutive footnotes. If there is more than one editor or translator, put (eds) or (trs). OSCOLA: Footnotes - LibGuides at University of West London endstream
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Otherwise, follow the rules for Books. OSCOLA stands for the Oxford Standard for the Citation of Legal Authorities. For example, UKSC is the United Kingdom Supreme Court, and Cr App R refers to the Criminal Appeal Reports. Lorenzo Magnani, Morality in a Technological World: Knowledge as Duty (Cambridge: CUP, 2007), p. 25. 1. Statues are divided into parts, sections, subsections, paragraphs and subparagraphs. You do not need to include any information about Westlaw or Lexis Library in your citations, as this is just the portal through which you accessed the report, legislation or article. Act title Year, s Section number(Subsection number)(Paragraph number). Articles should not normally exceed 10,000 words (including footnotes). The abbreviation preceding a command paper number depends on the year of publication: 183369 (C (1stseries)) 187099 (C (2nd series)) 190018 (Cd) 191956 (Cmd) 195786 (Cmnd) 1986 (Cm). If you do shorten names this way, you should always choose the name which comes first in the full name of the case in this case Glebe Motors, rather than Dixon-Greene. ), For more detailed information see OSCOLA 1.2.2. by For an Authored Book (i) By a single author: Name of the Author, | Title of the Book | Debian -- bullseye texlive-bibtex-extra 26 Knowles (n 3) 120.. Running numbers for House of Commons Bills are put in square brackets; those for House of Lords Bills are not. The journal does not follow the Bluebook, Harvard, Vancouver, or Chicago citation styles. Repeating citations - short forms and ibid - OSCOLA referencing guide Eg, the Director of Public Prosecutions should appear as DPP not D.P.P. The Oxford Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities (OSCOLA) is designed to help the author to achieve consistency and to make life easier for the reader". In the Bibliographythe surname is provided first, followed by the initial of the first name: If there are up to three authors, cite all the authors: Author 1, Author 2 and Author 3. e.g. For example, this footnote refers to two cases: If one or more references are more relevant than the others put these first and then see also. Ensure that all punctuation is within the quotes (e.g. To do this, you will: Mention sources, paraphrase ideas, or directly quote sources within your work (in-text citation) Create a full list of sources at the end of your work . 28 February 2020 Mike Molan, Duncan Bloy and Denis Lanser. There are also a number of other specific rules. Revised on For example, in the following citation, the first number refers to the page on which the report begins, while the second number pinpoints the passage youre referring to: Where available, paragraph numbers should be used instead of page numbers. (iii) By multiple authors Either list all the authors' names or list the first author's name followed by "et al." D AVID H UNTER ET AL., I NTERNATIONAL E NVIRONMENTAL L AW AND P OLICY 555 (3rd ed. Also consider elements of the style advice for websites and blogs (section 3.4.8). 1) and appears after any punctuation like a comma or full stop: These footnotes contain full information on the source cited. When citing personal communications, such as emails and letters, give the author and recipient of the communication, and the date. There is no specific guidance on this within OSCOLA. Enter the DOI of the journal you wish to reference. List legislation, cases and secondary sources in separate sections of your bibliography in alphabetical order. Footnote text should follow the rules stated above in Text, save that all numbers should be given as figures. Greenleaf G, The Global Development of Free Access to Legal Information (2010) 1(1) EJLT accessed 27 July 2010, Sarah Cole, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (, Cole S, Virtual Friend Fires Employee (. when other citations appear in between), use the authors last name or the title (shortened if its a longer title), followed by the number of the previous citation (in brackets and preceded by n), then the page number youre pinpointing (if different than the first citation): OSCOLA provides formats for a variety of source types. For example. For subsequent citation of statutes or regulations (including EU legislation), please cite the shortened name (if commonly used), and relevant section or article, e.g. However if the articleis only available online, use the same format as for print journals but at the end of the citation add the web address within < > marks and the date you most recently accessed the article. Hansard is the official transcript of parliamentary debates in the UK. The studied nanotubes are carbon, naphthalene . LibGuides: Referencing - OSCOLA: Secondary sources When you dont need to use the year to identify the law report volume, give the year of judgement (not publication) in round brackets. when the previous footnote was also about that source), you can simply use ibid (Latin for in the same place): In this example, the second footnote also refers to Davis v Dignam, but to page 522 instead of page 519. When citing more than one paragraph, place the numbers in square brackets. Follow that example, tidying it up to make it consistent with OSCOLA styles (eg, change double quotes to single and full stops to commas, removing those that are unnecessary; change OED Online to italics; change Oxford University Press to OUP and put it before the date; and remove http:// from the web address and delete any text after the Entry number, then put angle brackets around the url): For other online dictionaries, follow the general advice above. Try to be specific and use a specific footnote number (For exampleSee n 52for the footnote. 44(12), pp.2512-2518. For reports where each year is also identified with a volume number, the year appears in normal brackets. hjI_a/wM )B=:iq~I# o )'E-e>(-2GYYp,e`3&
+gn%=~/WE5k}}Vm*e,e^*zGnAy Sidaway v Board of Governors of the Bethlem Royal Hospital, [1984] 1 All ER 1018 (CA) (hereinafterSidaway). A pinpoint is a precise reference to the part of a judgment or report through numbered paragraphs or page numbers. If the interview was conducted by someone else, the interviewers name should appear at the beginning of the citation. Capitalise the first letter of each major word of the title. Dr Douglas Guilfoyle, The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea: Origins and Importance (14 August 2013) accessed 15 April 2014. PDF quick reference: COMMONLY USED CITATION STYLES - Tamil Nadu National Example: Samuel Topping and others, Analysing Law (Routledge, London 2008). A Dual-Band Graphene/Silicon Nanowires Array Heterojunctions In it, you assign each citation a footnote that duplicates the reference at the end of the paper almost precisely, with some exceptions such as using a specific page number. x and x, not x or x). Case citations including neutral citations: Online harms and Carolines Law whats the direction for the law reform? The bibliography is the same format as the footnote except that the author's last name comes first, only the author's initial(s) are used and there is no full stop at the end of the citation. Dimas S, EU Environment Commissioner, 'Improving Environmental Quality through Carbon Trading' (Speech at the Carbon Expo Conference, Kln, 2 May 2007) accessed 29 May 2011. British Medical Journal podcast, 'Insanity in the Dock' (20 July 2012) comments by MatthewThompson, Centre for Evidence Based Medicine in Oxford accessed 15 April 2014. Cruft R, Title of Book Review (2011) Law & Philosophy 637, Ben McFarlane and Donal Nolan, Remedying Reliance: The Future Development of Promissory and Proprietary Estoppel in English Law (Obligations III conference, Brisbane, July 2006), 1. If you wish to refer to someone speaking during the programme, follow this format: Cite the name of the speaker (if a direct quote), the title of the programme, the radio station and the date of the programme. Paul Craig, Theory, Pure Theory and Values in Public Law [2005] PL 440. Do not use conjunctions (e.g. Put a comma after the first page of the article if you want to refer to a particular page or set of pages: If the year serves as the volume identifier, put the year in square brackets [ ]. A guide to reference management software (EndNote, Mendeley, Zotero, and Paperpile). And then it happens. You should refer to the year the Act was passed rather than the year it came into force. GDPR, Recital 25. Follow the citation with the web address (in angled brackets) and the date you most recently accessed the article. If online journals lack some of the publication elements for OSCOLA, follow the citation advice of the online journal. Ibid., p. 25). If citation advice is provided by the online journal, follow it, removing full stops as necessary to comply with OSCOLA. House of Commons bills are cited slightly differently from House of Lords bills. If you find you have to use secondary referencing, in the footnote cite the source you have read, followed by citing For example: In the bibliography insert only the source you have read. Finally, the first and last page of the article should be cited, including pp.. A High Court judge should be called, for example, Mr Justice Brown, or, if a woman (and regardless of whether she is married) Mrs Justice Smith). Where there are multiple parties in cases, you should name only the first claimant and the first defendant. It is recommended that no more than three levels of heading be used, as follows (numbering and font sizes are automatically set by our template): SCRIPTed uses UK, not American spelling (e.g. List the edition (abbreviated to edn) when it is stated on the title page. OSCOLA (Oxford University Standard for Citation of Legal Authorities When you refer to the same source you have just referred to (i.e. Refence case notes with titles as if they were journal articles. eighty-four), unless they refer to a percentage, in which case it appears as, for example, 25%. In the Young example, 72 is the volume number. You must insert an 'and' before the last author's name. It also indicates that a report of the judgement can be found in volume 1 of the series of the Law Reports called the Appeal Cases, beginning at page 884.