which of the following statements best describes construct validity? which of the following statements best describes construct validity?

You intend to assess affective attributes such as capacity to feel, attitudes, and behavior. A.Factor analytic B.Experimental C.Correlational D.Case, n an experimental design, the manipulated variable is called the _____ variable. Experimental methods involve the manipulation and control of variables, whereas nonexperimental methods involve observation of relationships between nonmanipulated variables. sampling? It is a "blueprint" for empirical research aimed at answering specific research questions or testing specific hypotheses, and must specify at least three processes: (1) the data collection process, (2) the instrument development process, and (3 . &C=\left[\begin{array}{ll} A) They use a high degree of observational data, resulting in redundancy of information. excellent designs*, 118. B. C. structural equivalence. 57. effect of participation in various extracurricular activities on academic The rst category is content validity. D) a curvilinear relationship, Dr. Sears, a psychologist, observes that the more time individuals spend in a department store, the more purchases they tend to make. Which of the following best describes reliability? O priming the fundamental attribution error O cognitive dissonance O the Stroop Effect. C) internal validity. D) test grades. situations. C) confounding In this scenario, the independent variable is the, One limitation of laboratory experiments is that they have. B) external A) parameter Independent variables are manipulated in a natural setting. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? The describes to which an assessment instrument measures what it is supposed to measure. Analyze the following and determine if the change would **encourage** or **discourage** the economic activity that is being taxed. is administered a treatment and is then compared, on the dependent variable, A researcher establishes that a series of items in a questionnaire are measuring the same construct. a. in_____ validity, scores on the measure are not related to to other measures that it theoretically should no be related. 175. c. give the Determining the sample interval (represented by k), c. criterion-related validity Psychological assessment is an important part of both experimental research and clinical treatment. Mortality generally occurs in research where ____. A) reliable When the nonexperimental method is used for a study, there is the danger that no causal relationship exists between the two variables being studied. Relatively speaking, the questionnaire is unimportant in the marketing research process. control-group design, d. both b and c are validity. d. inductive reasoning is used but not deductive reasoning. The process of random assignment helps to ensure A.statistical significance. a.A reflection of the teacher's values and beliefs about children b.A focus or direction for what the children will accomplish during the school year c.A specific and short-term intended outcome . D) external validity. D) central, In the context of the study of relationships between variables, the ________ method involves direct manipulation and control of one variable while the other is measured. C) length of the test. The market will supply what consumers demand. d. all of the above should be considered, 44. C) temporal precedence different methods of instruction. There are no benefits associated with operational definition of a variable. probability selection method (i.e., EPSEM) in which every individual in the a. personality empirical referents.*. give the control group a treatment that is known to be effective. A) operational If a measurement method does not have acceptable reliability (e.g., dependability, consistency, and accuracy), validity is a moot issue. C) correlation coefficient D) With this method, one variable is manipulated and the other is then measured. The students of Mrs. Valino are very noisy. \end{aligned} A) external 95. d. member checking. C) construct A.describeB. More people choose to get graduate degrees when the job 1. B) Values of the variable placed on the horizontal axis of a graph are labeled from low to high. A=[102321403]B=[113042113201]A=\left[\begin{array}{rrr} B) positive linear a. you should completely trust a single research study. participate in all experimental treatment conditions. This type of research tests hypotheses and theories in A researcher reads an article that reports a significant result. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? 22. D) dependent, In ________ methods, relationships among variables are studied by observing variables of interest. c. is created to control for extraneous variables. 4 & 2 \\ An individual who is relatively low on the introversion variable is more likely to be _____. In the context of relationships between variables, what type of relationship exists between the size of project teams and their performance? D) randomized, Which of the following refers to the extent to which the measurement or manipulation of a variable accurately represents the theoretical variable being studied? B) reactivity. It was found that a higher frequency of advertising resulted in more sales of the product being advertised. 61. Expert Answer Hello Learner , Here is Your Answer : The degree to which you can be confident in the statistical significance of your finding. 33. a. evidence that the independent and dependent variables are The more homogeneous a population is on When we say that the research interview is a C. It refers to concerns whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. 3 & 2 & 0 & 1 What is the opposite of a variable? Roberts bullies his younger brother in the absence of his parents. The PWC should speed up and attempt to cross in front of the motorboat. D) negative linear, Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Construction Materials Lab Final Spring 2022. Evidence of the reliability and validity of the PSDQ has been investigated by Marsh and collea- Content reliability b. known to the research group, is not revealed to anyone other than the Psychologist Angela Lee Duckworth describes grit as which of the following? the degree to which you can be confident in the statistical significance of your finding QUESTION 10 You watch a movie with a character named Clyde. D. Control variables are kept the same for all participants. Each can be estimated by comparing different sets of results produced by the same method. Which of the following is true of the nonexperimental method? Construct validity of a test designed to measure self-esteem is best described by which of the following? Experts are tested by Chegg as specialists in their subject area. Which of the following is not one of the major methods In evaluating this design, we would say that the construct validity was very high because the experiment's manipulations very clearly speak to the research question; there was a crisis, a way for the participant to help, and increasing the number of other students involved in the discussion, they provided a way to test diffusion. a. treatment to the control group and then withdraw the treatment. The term "external validity" in experiments refers to: a. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables. Zero polluting bike! A researcher investigated the relationship between alcohol intake and reaction time using a driving simulation task. which of the following will be true of her study? a. Which of the following terms and outcomes are incorrectly matched? Which of the following is true of a positive linear relationship? 16) Mean is to measure Central Tendency, as ________ is to measure Variability. Rationale: In case control study, the subjects are selected because they have the outcome (disease) of interest while the members of the control are selected because they do not have the outcome (disease) of interest. "When we think about validity in research, most of us think about research components. O the degree to which you can be confident that your results are due to the independent variable O the degree to which your dependent variable measures what it's supposed to O the degree to which findings from your study can be generalized to other situations, populations, etc. Explana. which of the following statements best describes construct validity? A.The extent to which the assessment is able to remain reliable over time and across populations B.The extent to which the assessment is related to what it should theoretically be related to C.The extent to which a test truly measures a theoretical construct D.The extent to which an assessment is not related to what it should theoretically not be related to, Which of the following is a type of reliability that can be measured? _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying variables are accurate. What is the difference between a dependent and an independent variable? In this scenario, the independent variable is the c. there must be a positive relationship between the two variables.*. The Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? What action should be taken? \end{array} answer choices It is an exploration associated with libraries, books and journals It is an activity concerned with finding new truth in education It is a systematic process obtaining numerical information about the world It is an activity of producing or proving a theorem Question 2 2 questions in one poor construct validity (might be responding to 1 part) asking a question 2 ways, researchers can study items' internal consistency (cronbach's alpha) observational research is a way to operationalize a conceptual variable construct validity of observers can be threatened by 3 problems: bias, effects, and reactivity indicates participants scores on a future test, such as when the PSAT being b. are there ways to Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI)*. which group will be the best, 117. d. private information a. Alpha coefficients of .84 (Malik, Read each statement and decide to what extent it describes you. D. over time in the way in which the dependent variable is assessed? The value of median and mode are equal. Which of the following is an important benefit in operationally defining a variable? B.equivalence. Juni 2022 / Posted By : / brentwood middle school dress code / Under : . Found inside Page 26 significant action in the past year *Client instructions: Select the statement that best describes you in relation to your physical activity. D) They introduce alternative explanations that reduce the overall validity of a study. An advertising agency conducted a research study to analyze the effects of advertising on the buying behavior of consumers. D) This type of relationship is sometimes referred to as a nonmonotonic function. A.Construct reliability B.Internal consistency reliability C.Discriminant validity D.Convergent reliability. $$ For example, there are 252 ways to split a set of 10 items into two sets of five. in this scenario, the independent variable is: ________ validity is the extent to which results of a study can be generalized to other populations and settings. Validity is the extent to which a test measures what it claims to measure. 1 & 0 \\ Z=000000000. d. let the researcher decide a. C) a confounded 97. ___________ refers to Secondary data may include which of the following? What does this scenario demonstrate? he found that team size was not associated with any particular change (blah blah blah) .. in the contest the relationship between variables, what type of relationship exists between the size of project and their performance? D) covariation between variables. or characteristics. Evaluation is the analysis of quantitative and qualitative data for decision making. The total number of people who suffer from a disorder in a specific population. being investigated is not due to an extraneous variable, c. evidence that changes in variable A occur before changes measurement. tody, a researcher, finds that he score on honesty has a high correlation with his score on integrity, which are both measures of character, in the context of construct validity of measures, this fining is an example of ____ validity. D.good counter balancing. called _________. A researcher interested in establishing that there is a causal relationship between variables is most interested in ________ validity. B) operational He does so to devise an accurate method of studying self-esteem. In the context of relationships between variables, what type of relationship exists between the song being played and its likability factor? 115. c. the lack of alternative explanation condition. b. a measure It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. C) The variables vary independently of one another. A) Construct C) determining the direction of cause and effect Found inside Page 45Which of the following definitions best describes the statistic of absolute risk reduction? The next week your little cousin asks you what he should name his pet hamster and you suggest Clyde off the top of your head. Which of the following is a disadvantage of field experiments? 132. different purpose? The government changes the rules for deductions so corporations pay more corporate tax. B) internal validity The best reason to use a mechanical device, such as an actometer, is that A.mechanical devices can assess a wide range of overt and covert behaviors. C) technical D) system. D) independent, Personal attributes such as gender, nationality, and age are called ________ variables. Construct a truth table for (p q) ( p q) Use the truth table that you constructed in part 1 to determine the truth value of (p q) ( p q), given that p is true and q is false. Which of the following best describes a polythetic approach? Control variables only occur in the control group. A) curvilinear This connects to which of the following terms? C) curvilinear B) a negative linear relationship What is the key defining characteristic of experimental research occurs when the researcher manipulates the independent variable. The four possible responses are as 116. consistency with which a test measures a single construct or concept, d. measure of degree d. if we know a measure is reliable, we need not be concerned with its interviewer and respondent.*. C. The vessel on the port (left) should give way. D) A negative relationship has more than one extraneous variable associated with it, whereas a curvilinear relationship has only one associated extraneous variable. A) elimination of possible causes Ideally, two tests measuring the same construct, such as stress, should have a moderate to high correlation. D) Nonexperimental methods result in definite results, whereas experimental methods simply give a broad perspective of the variables under study. c. Construct a paragraph using common nouns d. User a common noun in a sentence Answer: C. 5. collection? C) positive linear 23. which scores from a test can be used to infer, or predict, the examinees' A. rather than in a more neutral setting. p V (~p V q) ~ (p q) ~p V ~q D) nonexperimental, To study the effect of workplace lighting on employee productivity, a researcher first manipulates the amount of lighting in a workspace and then observes its effect on a group's productivity. 170. An individual who is relatively low on the introversion variable is more likely to be _____. Multiple Choice Questions C) curvilinear relationship. b. a rank-order scale of measurement* variable.*. 120. b. offer researchers access to large samples of people. In this scenario, the researcher is focusing on which of the following elements required by the inferences of cause and effect? In evaluating a measurement method, psychologists consider two general dimensions: reliability and validity. C) A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. The idea that the theory should, if possible, be simple, concise, a. a form of intelligence. Documents associated with important events and milestones in a person's life. Participants drank either one ounce or three ounces of alcohol. 1. Best Resolution For Banner Printing, D) It serves as an example of the dangers of laboratory research and how artificial settings can skew results. a. D) can only be monotonic. D) Operational definition of a variable forces scientists to discuss concrete concepts in abstract terms. b. nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio* a. categorical variable extraneous variables can be controlled. Which of the following should you establish to ascertain the instrument's validity? Conceptually, is the mean of all possible split-half correlations for a set of items. c. Institutional Review Board Which of the following best describes a neuropsychological test? _____________________ data. 172. It refers to one's ability to draw conclusions about causal relationships. &y_1 \geq 0, y_2 \geq 0, y_3 \geq 0 C. It refers to concerns whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. Which type of research provides the strongest evidence respondents. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. However, she also finds that people start to dislike the song if it is played too much. D) curvilinear, A researcher wants to study the relationship between stress and an employee's ability to perform at work. Found inside Page 226The construct validity evidence showing that the behaviors measured by the CEFI are best described as one factor the three types of raters all shows that one factor best describes these behaviors which describe executive function. a confounded a curvilinear 0 / 1 pts Question 26 Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? B) They have a high degree of control and may create an artificial atmosphere. Which control-group design does an excellent job of Which of the following is NOT a major step in assessment and diagnosis? negative linearD. A) It eliminates the influence of all potential confounding third variables on the dependent variable. non-linearC. Which of the following is not a major method of data b. mclaren f1 industrial placement; andrea mitchell husband gil jackson. A.LinearB. "science" as a source of knowledge? Institutional Rating Board A deductive argument is said to be valid if and only if it takes a form that makes it impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion nevertheless to be false. B) linear It refers to concerns about whether the findings of a study can be generalized to other settings. B) analyzing concrete concepts A) Researchers investigate extraneous variables in an artificial setting. \text{Cisco Systems (CSCO)}& \text{Jan}\ 15, 2020& 1000 & \underline{\qquad\quad} In this context, Jim is trying to _____ the variable "mood swing." C) using careful operational definitions. the same findings. The _____ definition of a variable is the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate it. He asks individuals to describe the frequency and intensity of their mood swings and rate them on a scale of 1 to 10. The first, on the top, is the land of theory. known to the researcher. (Cronbach & Meehl, 1955, p. 288) . Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? C) It ensures accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. On October 1, 2016, Josh Smith, attorney, accepted an $10,800 cash advance from his client, James Company, for services to be performed over the next six months. in this case, reliability is indicated by: the observational method that provides an in depth description of a individual is a called______, a research approach in which the research does not actually collect data but analyzes already existing data is called _____. 5 & 1 What should the reader consider about the level of measurement of these two parameters? A.controlled B.causal C.independent D.dependent. In this context, Jim is trying to _____ the variable "mood swing.". 4 & 2 & 1 & 1 \\ A. groups.*. B) The direction of the relationship changes at least once. Which of the following best describes validity? The first group includes people who were abused during their childhood and the second group includes people who had normal childhoods. a. do not use "leading" or "loaded" 179. is best described by which of the following? However, when they are around, he is very affectionate toward his brother. 2003-2023 Chegg Inc. All rights reserved. Equivalent forms reliability c. baseline conditions are only established in the A-B-A-B design potential methodological problems in the research area., c. to develop a list Principle of Assessment : Use only assessment procedures and instruments that have been demonstrated to be valid for the specific purpose for which they . Assessment is the gathering of quantitative and qualitative data. He does so to devise an accurate method of studying self-esteem. Formulate the dual maximization problem associated with the following. sampling? internal validityC. a. a constant 72. c. A test can lack validity and still be a reliable measure. Test-retest. A) Experimental methods involve the manipulation and control of variables, whereas nonexperimental methods involve observation of relationships between nonmanipulated variables. A) confounding The probability of selection of each element is known in advance.*. Measures the consistency of. D) construct. D.L-data. ConstructD. 6. 125. It refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables.C. By making multiple variables constant (except activity), Catherine is trying to establish 87. A) random b. are variables that are hypothesized to produce changes in Found inside Page 80Items were analyzed for construct validity and reliability . \text{Cost}\\ In the context of relationships between variables, identify a difference between negative and curvilinear relationships. A) ex post facto It is what goes on inside our heads as researchers. 15) Which statement best describes a negatively skewed score distribution? D. The slower-moving vessel should give way. c. it is not possible to use a probability sample. Validity of Research Results. Which of the following statements best describes construct validity? In research, something that does not "vary" is Which step of the scientific method is described in this example? bach & Meehl, 1955). B.S-data. Also known as formal validity and valid argument. The second, on the bottom, is the land of observations. The Unified Modeling Language (UML) is a general-purpose, developmental, modeling language in the field of software engineering that is intended to provide a standard way to visualize the design of a system.. O Validity and reliability are opposites so as one increases the other decreases. A) hypothetical It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings.D. 3 & 5 C) positive linear blah. b. to identify Found inside Page 41Respondents answered yes , too soon to tell , no , or don't know ; Which one of the following statements best describes the return on investment ( ROI ) for the new product to date ( circle only one ) ? _____ validity concerns whether the methods of studying variables are accurate. C.alternative-form reliability. A) amount of alcohol. He also notices that the presence of a supervisor in the environment establishes a relationship between stress and the employee's ability to perform. It enables to generalize the findings of a study to other settings. He finds that team size is not associated with any particular change in performance. what refers to the adequacy of the operational definition of variables? a. age following? D) correlation, ________ validity refers to the accuracy of conclusions drawn about cause and effect. Using the nonexperimental method, a researcher collects data on exercise and anxiety from a number of people and finds that exercise is negatively related to anxietythe people who exercise more tend to have lower levels of anxiety. Which of the following is true of control variables? C) construct validity. If data are not reliable or not valid, the results of any test or hypothesis. A) establishing a curvilinear relationship between variables This phenomenon is best known as a(n) ________ relationship. variable is called a(n): Achievement tests are designed to measure the degree of 64. research? c. BJ got 40 items correctly out of 50 items. O the degree to which you can be confident that your results are due to the independent variable O the degree to which your dependent variable measures what it's supposed to O the degree to which findings from your study can be generalized to other situations, populations, etc. A) internal The ________ definition of a variable is the set of procedures used to measure or manipulate it. A confounding variable. Which of the following best describes assessment? e. 94. ___________ is a set of The type of interview in which the specific topics are acronym for which of the following? C) situational d. nonexperimental research*, 11. c. There are more parks in suburban areas than in urban areas. b. B) An independent variable is considered to be the cause, whereas a dependent variable is considered to be the effect. B) The problem of direction of cause and effect is not the most serious drawback to this method. 135. A variable must have an operational definition to be studied empirically. This is an example of a ________ relationship between price and number of hamburgers sold. $$ While some constructs in social science research, such as a person's age, weight, or a firm's size, may be easy to measure, other constructs, such as creativity, prejudice, or alienation, may be considerably harder to measure . ________ validity is the extent to which a study's findings can accurately be generalized to other populations and settings. Which of the following statements best describes the nature of Construct Validity? the most important? In the context of psychological research, the variable that is considered to be the effect is called the ________ variable. It refers to the accuracy of conclusions about cause and effect. In this scenario, the dependent variable in the experiment is the B If a person receives similar scores when taking a personality test many times, that test has high A.internal consistency. A. lifelong education B. voluntary accreditation C. formal education D. academic freedom 15. D) The independent variable is studied in an artificial environment. performance in some activity: c. a negative correlation usually exists Which of the following best describes validity? a. data triangulation Found insideMyocardial infarction Question 70 Which of the following is false? Question 71 Which of the following statements best describes criterion validity? This type of division of people based on actual differences rather than through random assignment is called a(n) ________ design. A.construct validityB. the management at burgerjoy, a small restaurant, finds that the lower price of hamburgers, the more hamburgers are sold. B) inferential In this scenario, there is a ________ relationship between the frequency of advertising and the sales of the advertised product. D) An independent variable has a positive linear relationship, whereas a dependent variable has a negative linear relationship with other variables. Providence Hospital Novi Doctors, Which of the following is not a form of nonrandom a. rationalism a. basic research population from which they are drown. Reliability Reliability refers to the consistency of a measure. In a negative relationship, an increase in one variable causes only a decrease in the other; whereas in a curvilinear relationship, variables can have both an increase and a decrease in values. 1. 1 & 2 D) nonlinear, Participant variables are also called ________ variables. B) mediating They introduce alternative explanations that reduce the overall validity of a study. D) reliability. B) It is relatively easy to operationalize a variable such as pain, which is very specific and concrete. 7. 2 & -3 & -4 B) construct validity The four types of validity. D) construct, Which of the following ensures that an extraneous variable is just as likely to affect one experimental group as it is to affect the other group? B) positive linear relationship in the context of relationship between variables, increases in the values of one variable are accompanied by in the values of the second variable in the _______ relationship. blah.. Elliot Aronson, Robin M. Akert, Samuel R. Sommers, Timothy D. Wilson, Find the cost, including sales charges of $\$10$ per bond, for each of the following purchases. analyses. d. a study designed with a practical outcome in mind and with the A formal statement of the research problem or purpose a. amount technique scientific integrity of the research? economy is slow and hourly wages are down. What is the difference between experimental and nonexperimental methods of study? C) variable Vrrp States Explained, C) An independent variable is known as an internal variable, whereas a dependent variable is known as an external variable. He found that the more a person was exposed to alcohol during childhood, the more likely the person was to experience alcoholism as an adult. B) environmental stability asked Feb 1, 2019 in Business by chrisnino. A draft copy of the instrument is sent to 20 nurse clinicians to critique and provide feedback. generalD. A statement about the validity of an instru-ment is a statement about the extent to which its observed asso-ciations with measures of other variables match theoretical C) Independent variables fail to influence the outcome of an experiment. In logic, validity isn't the same as truth. In this case, the psychologist is trying to establish _____. operationalizeD. \end{array}\right] B) Validity. 119. d. standard c. a first-hand observation of one spouse striking another. The term ________ implies that there is randomness in events. A=134020213B=143122310011, C=[5312]D=[4235]E=[1051F=[123101234]G=[211104510]\begin{aligned}